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Part I: Private and Public Keys

SSH public key authentication requires the user to create a public/private key pair on her machine. It's easy:

ssh-keygen

A key pair will be generated (it is ok to hit enter every time you are prompted by the key generator) and stored in ~/.ssh. The default names are id_rsa/id_rsa.pub and id_dsa/id_dsa.pub depending on the encryption algorithm. For each device used to connect to remote machines via ssh this must be repeated. It's not a good idea to spread the private key.