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Use Drush to sync the database from one site to another

Based on Greg Anderson's chapter in the Definitive Guide to Drupal 7.

drush sql-sync @dgd7.prod @dgd7.local

Prerequisites

A dgd7.aliases.drushrc.php file in a ~/.drush directory (that's a .drush folder in your home directory) that contains something like:

<?php
$aliases
['prod'] = array(
 
'remote-host' => 'sojourner.mayfirst.org',
 
'remote-user' => 'definitivedrupal',
 
'root' => '/var/local/drupal/dgd7/drupal',
 
'uri' => 'definitivedrupal.org',
);
$aliases['test'] = array(
 
'remote-host' => 'simone.mayfirst.org',
 
'remote-user' => 'ben',
 
'root' => '/var/local/drupal/dgd7/drupal',
 
'uri' => 'dgd7.agariclabs.org',
);
$aliases['local'] = array(
 
'root' => '/home/ben/code/dgd7/drupal',
 
'uri' => 'dgd7.localhost',
);
?>

Note: The first time you do this, if you don't have a database locally already, you'll want to create one, as with drush si.

You can save a little transfer time by adding --structure-tables-key=common to the drush sql-sync command.

Searched words: 
drush pull down databases copy a database between drupal sites

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